Ifu y'umuringa ni icyuma cy'umuringa gito cyane. Ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: ifu y'umuringa yazinguruwe (RA) n'ifu y'umuringa ya electrolytic (ED). Ifu y'umuringa ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kurinda ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi na rukuruzi. Ifu y'umuringa ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibice by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho. Bitewe n'iterambere ry'inganda zigezweho, gukenera ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bito, byoroheje, bito kandi bishobora gutwara abantu benshi byatumye habaho ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho by'umuringa.
Ifu y'umuringa izungurutse yitwa RA copper foil. Ni ibikoresho by'umuringa bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuyizungurutsa. Bitewe n'uburyo ikorwa, RA copper foil ifite imiterere y'uruziga imbere. Kandi ishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo yoroshye kandi ikomere hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuyitera. RA copper foil ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho, cyane cyane ibyo bisaba ubushobozi runaka bwo koroshya ibikoresho.
Icupa ry'umuringa rikoreshwa mu buryo bwa electrolytic ryitwa ED copper foil. Ni ibikoresho by'umuringa bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushyiramo imiti. Bitewe n'imiterere y'uburyo bwo gukora, electrolytic copper foil ifite imiterere y'inkingi imbere. Uburyo bwo gukora electrolytic copper foil bworoshye kandi bukoreshwa mu bicuruzwa bisaba uburyo bwinshi bworoshye, nko mu ma circuit boards na litium battery electrodes.
Ifuru y'umuringa ya RA n'ifuru y'umuringa ya electrolytic bifite ibyiza n'ibibi byabyo muri ibi bikurikira:
Ifuru y'umuringa ya RA irushaho kuba nziza mu bijyanye n'umuringa;
Ifuru y'umuringa ya RA ifite imikorere myiza muri rusange kurusha ifuru y'umuringa ya electrolytic mu bijyanye n'imiterere ifatika;
Nta tandukaniro rinini riri hagati y’ubwoko bubiri bwa foil y’umuringa ukurikije imiterere ya shimi;
Ku bijyanye n'igiciro, foil y'umuringa ya ED yoroshye kuyikora kubera uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyikora kandi ikaba ihendutse ugereranyije n'foil y'umuringa yahinduwe.
Muri rusange, foil y'umuringa ya RA ikoreshwa mu ntangiriro z'ikorwa ry'ibicuruzwa, ariko uko inzira yo kubikora igenda ikura, foil y'umuringa ya ED izakoreshwa kugira ngo bigabanye ikiguzi.
Ifu y'umuringa ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kurinda ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi na rukuruzi. Kubwibyo, ikunze gukoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyo gutwara amashanyarazi cyangwa ubushyuhe mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'amashanyarazi, cyangwa nk'igikoresho cyo kurinda bimwe mu bice by'ikoranabuhanga. Bitewe n'imiterere igaragara n'iy'umuringa n'umuringa, ikoreshwa kandi mu mitako y'inyubako no mu zindi nganda.
Ibikoresho fatizo bya foil y'umuringa ni umuringa gusa, ariko ibikoresho fatizo biri mu mimerere itandukanye bitewe n'uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora. Foil y'umuringa izungurutswa muri rusange ikorwa mu mpapuro z'umuringa za cathode zishongeshwa hanyuma zikazungurutswa; Foil y'umuringa ya Electrolytic igomba gushyira ibikoresho fatizo mu gisubizo cya aside sulfuriki kugira ngo ishonge nk'umuyoboro w'umuringa, hanyuma ikaba ikoresha ibikoresho fatizo nka copper shot cyangwa copper wire kugira ngo ishonge neza hakoreshejwe aside sulfuriki.
Iyoni z'umuringa zikora cyane mu kirere kandi zishobora gukorana byoroshye na iyoni za ogisijeni mu kirere zikarema ogisijeni y'umuringa. Dutunganya ubuso bwa foyide y'umuringa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kurwanya ogisijeni mu gihe cyo gukora, ariko ibi bitinza igihe foyide y'umuringa ishyirwamo ogisijeni. Kubwibyo, ni byiza gukoresha foyide y'umuringa vuba bishoboka nyuma yo kuyikuramo. Kandi ubike foyide y'umuringa itarakoreshejwe ahantu humutse kandi hatagera imyuka ihindagurika. Ubushyuhe busabwa kubikwa kuri foyide y'umuringa ni dogere selisiyusi 25 kandi ubushyuhe ntibugomba kurenga 70%.
Ifu y'umuringa si ibikoresho bitwara amazi gusa, ahubwo ni n'ibikoresho byo mu nganda bihendutse cyane biboneka. Ifu y'umuringa ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara amazi n'ubushyuhe kurusha ibikoresho bisanzwe by'icyuma.
Kaseti y'umuringa muri rusange iyobora amashanyarazi ku ruhande rw'umuringa, kandi uruhande rw'umugozi rushobora no gukorwamo umugozi ushyiramo ifu y'umugozi muri kole. Kubwibyo, ugomba kwemeza niba ukeneye kaseti y'umuringa iyobora amashanyarazi ku ruhande rumwe cyangwa kaseti y'umuringa iyobora amashanyarazi ku mpande ebyiri mu gihe cyo kugura.
Igitambaro cy'umuringa gifite ogisijeni ntoya ku buso gishobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe siponji ya alcool. Niba ari ogisijeni imaze igihe kirekire cyangwa ogisijeni nini, kigomba gukurwaho hakoreshejwe umuti wa aside sulfurike.
CIVEN Metal ifite kaseti y'umuringa yihariye yo gukoresha mu birahure by'amabara kandi byoroshye cyane kuyikoresha.
Mu by’ukuri, yego; icyakora, kubera ko gushonga kw’ibintu bidakorerwa ahantu hadafite umwuka kandi abakora ibintu batandukanye bakoresha ubushyuhe butandukanye n’uburyo bwo kubikora, hamwe n’itandukaniro ry’ahantu hakorerwa ibintu, birashoboka ko ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kuvangwa mu bikoresho mu gihe cyo kubikora. Kubera iyo mpamvu, nubwo imiterere y’ibikoresho yaba imwe, hashobora kubaho itandukaniro ry’amabara mu bikoresho bivuye ku bakora ibintu batandukanye.
Hari igihe, ndetse no ku bikoresho by'umuringa bifite ibara ry'ubuziranenge bwinshi, ibara ry'ubuso bw'amabara y'umuringa akorwa n'inganda zitandukanye rishobora gutandukana mu mwijima. Hari abantu bizera ko amabara y'umuringa atukura yijimye afite ubuziranenge bwinshi. Ariko, ibi si ngombwa kuko, uretse umuringa, ubuziranenge bw'ubuso bw'amabara y'umuringa bushobora no gutera itandukaniro ry'amabara ribonwa n'amaso y'umuntu. Urugero, amabara y'umuringa afite ubuziranenge bwinshi azagira ubushobozi bwo kugarura urumuri neza, bigatuma ibara ry'ubuso rigaragara nk'aho ryoroheje, ndetse rimwe na rimwe rikaba ryera. Mu by'ukuri, iki ni ikintu gisanzwe kuri amabara y'umuringa afite ubuziranenge bwiza, bigaragaza ko ubuso burimo ubuziranenge kandi bufite ubugari buke.
Icupa ry'umuringa rikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa electrolytic, bityo ubuso bw'igicuruzwa burangiye ntibuba burimo amavuta. Mu buryo bunyuranye, icupa ry'umuringa rikozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuzunguruka bufatika, kandi mu gihe cyo gukora, amavuta yo kwisiga akoreshwa mu byuma ashobora kuguma hejuru no imbere mu gicuruzwa cyarangiye. Kubwibyo, ibikorwa byo gusukura no gukuraho amavuta nyuma ni ngombwa kugira ngo ibisigazwa by'amavuta bikurweho. Iyo ibi bisigazwa bidakuweho, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo kwirinda igishishwa cy'igicuruzwa cyarangiye. Cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gutwika ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibisigazwa by'amavuta yo imbere bishobora gutonyanga hejuru.
Uko ubuso bw'icyuma cy'umuringa burushaho kuba bwiza, niko n'ubushyuhe burushaho kugaragara, bishobora kugaragara nk'umweru ku maso. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ubuso burushaho kunoza imikorere y'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho. Niba hakenewe uburyo bwo gusiga nyuma, ni byiza guhitamo irangi rishingiye ku mazi uko bishoboka kose. Irangi rishingiye ku mavuta, bitewe n'imiterere yaryo nini ya molekile, rishobora gukurura cyane.
Nyuma yo gukurura, ubushobozi bwo koroshya no gukoresha plastike y'ibikoresho by'umuringa (copper foil) buriyongera, mu gihe ubushobozi bwo kubirwanya bugabanuka, bigatuma amashanyarazi arushaho kuba meza. Ariko, ibikoresho bikururwa biba byoroshye gushwanyagurika no gucika intege iyo bihuye n'ibintu bikomeye. Byongeye kandi, guhindagurika guke mu gihe cyo gukora no gutwara ibintu bishobora gutuma ibikoresho bihinduka kandi bigatera ibara. Kubwibyo, hakenewe kwitonda cyane mu gihe cyo gukora no gutunganya ibintu nyuma.
Kubera ko amahame mpuzamahanga ariho ubu adafite uburyo bwo gupima neza kandi buhuye n’ibipimo ngenderwaho ku bikoresho bifite ubugari buri munsi ya mm 0.2, biragoye gukoresha agaciro gasanzwe k’ubukomere kugira ngo umenye imiterere yoroshye cyangwa ikomeye ya foil y’umuringa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amasosiyete y’inzobere mu gukora foil y’umuringa akoresha imbaraga zo gukurura no kurekura kugira ngo agaragaze imiterere yoroshye cyangwa ikomeye y’ibikoresho, aho gukoresha agaciro gasanzwe k’ubukomere.
Ifoyideri y'umuringa ya Annealed (Iyoroshye):
- Ubukomere buri hasi kandi ubushobozi bwo kugenda neza burushaho kwiyongera: Byoroshye gutunganya no gushushanya.
- Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyobora amashanyarazi: Uburyo bwo gukurura ibinyampeke bigabanya imbibi n'ubusembwa bw'ibinyampeke.
- Ubuziranenge bw'ubuso bwiza: Bikwiriye nk'urukuta rw'amabati yacapwe (PCBs).
Urupapuro rw'umuringa rukonje cyane:
- Ubukomere buri hagati: Ifite ubushobozi bwo kubika imiterere.
- Bikwiriye gukoreshwa bisaba imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa: Ikoreshwa mu bwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'ibice by'ikoranabuhanga.
Foyideri ikomeye y'umuringa:
- Ubukomere bwinshi: Ntibyoroshye guhindura imiterere, ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo busaba ingano nyayo.
- Ubushobozi bworoshye bwo kugenda: Bisaba kwitabwaho cyane mu gihe cyo gutunganya.
Ingufu zo gukurura no kurekura kwa foil y'umuringa ni ibipimo bibiri by'ingenzi by'imikorere bifite isano runaka kandi bigira ingaruka ku bwiza no kwizerwa kwa foil y'umuringa. Ingufu zo gukurura bivuze ubushobozi bwa foil y'umuringa bwo kwirinda kuvunika bitewe n'imbaraga zo gukurura, akenshi zigaragara muri megapascals (MPa). Kurekura bivuze ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho bwo guhindurwa na pulasitiki mu gihe cyo kurambura, bigaragazwa nk'ijanisha.
Imbaraga zo gukurura no kurekura kwa foil y'umuringa bigira ingaruka ku bunini n'ingano y'ibinyampeke. Kugira ngo dusobanure iyi ngaruka y'ingano, igipimo cy'ubunini butagira ingano (T/D) kigomba gushyirwaho nk'ikigereranyo kigereranya. Imbaraga zo gukurura ziratandukanye mu byiciro bitandukanye by'ubunini n'ingano, mu gihe kurekura kugabanuka uko ubunini bugabanuka iyo igipimo cy'ubunini n'ingano kidahinduka.