Iyi modoka ikoresha amashanyarazi iri hafi kugera ku iterambere. Kubera ko abantu benshi ku isi barushaho kwiyongera, izatanga inyungu zikomeye ku bidukikije, cyane cyane mu mijyi minini. Harimo gukorwa uburyo bushya bw'ubucuruzi buzongera abakiriya kandi bugakemura ibibazo bisigaye nko ku giciro kinini cy'amashanyarazi, gutanga amashanyarazi arambye, no gutanga amashanyarazi.
Iterambere ry'Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n'Akamaro k'Umuringa
Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi bifatwa cyane nk'uburyo bwiza bwo kugera ku bwikorezi bwiza kandi busukuye, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi mu iterambere rirambye ry'isi. Mu gihe cya vuba aha, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EVs) nka plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), na pure battery electric vehicles (BEVs) biteganijwe ko bizayobora ku isoko ry'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko umuringa ufite uruhare runini mu bice bitatu by'ingenzi: ibikorwa remezo byo gusharija, kubika ingufu, no gukora imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EVs).
Imodoka za EV zifite ingano ikubye inshuro enye umuringa uboneka mu modoka zikoresha lisansi, kandi ahanini ukoreshwa muri bateri za lithium-ion (LIB), rotors, na insinga. Uko izi mpinduka zikwirakwira ku isi no mu bukungu, abakora foil z'umuringa barimo kwihutira gushyiraho ingamba zihamye zo kunoza amahirwe yabo yo gufata agaciro kari mu kaga.
Ikoreshwa n'Ibyiza bya Foyideri y'Umuringa
Muri bateri za Li-ion, foil y'umuringa ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu gukusanya umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wa anode; ituma umuriro w'amashanyarazi utemba mu gihe unakuraho ubushyuhe buturuka kuri bateri. Foil y'umuringa igabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: foil y'umuringa izungurutswa (ikandagirwa mu nganda zizunguruka) n'foil y'umuringa ya electrolytic (ikorwa hakoreshejwe electrolysis). Foil y'umuringa ya electrolytic ikoreshwa cyane muri bateri za lithium-ion kuko nta burebure ifite kandi yoroshye kuyikora mu buryo bworoshye.
Uko agapapuro koroheje, ni ko ibikoresho bishobora gushyirwa muri electrode bigabanya uburemere bwa bateri, byongera ubushobozi bwa bateri, bigabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora, kandi bigabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kugenzura inzira hamwe n’ibikoresho bihanganirwa cyane ni ngombwa kugira ngo iyi ntego igerweho.
Inganda Ziri Kuzamuka
Ikoreshwa ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ririmo kwiyongera mu bihugu byinshi, harimo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubushinwa, n’Uburayi. Biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa bya EV ku isi bizagera kuri miliyoni 6.2 mu 2024, bikubye kabiri umubare w’ibyagurishijwe mu 2019. Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ziri kuboneka cyane, aho ipiganwa hagati y’inganda zikora amashanyarazi riri kwiyongera. Politiki nyinshi zo gushyigikira imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) zashyizwe mu bikorwa mu masoko akomeye mu myaka icumi ishize, bituma imiterere y’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi yiyongera cyane. Mu gihe za leta ku isi ziharanira kugera ku ntego zo kubungabunga ibidukikije, iyi miterere y’imodoka yitezweho kwihuta. Bateri zifite ubushobozi bunini bwo gukuraho umwuka mubi mu buryo bukabije mu gutwara abantu n’ibintu n’amashanyarazi.
Ingaruka zabyo ni uko isoko ry’ibicuruzwa by’umuringa ku isi rigenda rirushaho gupiganwa, aho ibigo byinshi byo mu karere n’ibyo mu mahanga bihatanira ubukungu bw’igihugu. Kubera ko inganda ziteganya ko zizagira imbogamizi mu gutanga ibicuruzwa bitewe n’ubwiyongere bugaragara bw’imodoka zitwara imizigo mu mihanda mu gihe kizaza, abitabiriye isoko bari kwibanda ku kwagura ubushobozi ndetse no kugura ibikoresho by’ingenzi n’ishoramari.
Imwe mu sosiyete iri ku isonga muri ibi ni CIVEN Metal, ikigo cyihariye mu bushakashatsi ku bikoresho by'icyuma bigezweho, iterambere, gukora no gukwirakwiza. Yashinzwe mu 1998, iyi sosiyete ifite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 20 kandi ikorera mu bihugu bikomeye ku isi yose. Abakiriya bayo ni benshi kandi bakorera inganda zirimo iza gisirikare, ubwubatsi, iby'indege, n'izindi nyinshi. Kimwe mu byo bibandaho ni icyuma gikozwe mu muringa. Bafite ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ku rwego rw'isi hamwe n'umuyoboro w'icyuma wo ku rwego rwo hejuru wa RA na ED, bashobora kuba abakinnyi bakomeye ku isonga mu nganda mu myaka iri imbere.
Kwiyemeza ahazaza heza kurushaho
Uko twegereza umwaka wa 2030, biragaragara ko impinduka mu bijyanye n'ingufu zirambye zizakomeza kwihuta. CIVEN Metal yemera akamaro ko guha abakiriya uburyo bushya bwo gukora no kuzigama ingufu kandi ifite umwanya mwiza wo guteza imbere ahazaza h'inganda.
CIVEN Metal izakomeza kugera ku iterambere rishya mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho by'icyuma hamwe n'ingamba z'ubucuruzi zo "kwirenza abandi no guharanira ubuziranenge." Kwiyegurira inganda zikora bateri z'amashanyarazi ntibyizeza gusa ko CIVEN Metal izatsinda, ahubwo binazemeza ko ikoranabuhanga rifasha kugabanya ingaruka z'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi hose. Dufite inshingano kuri twe ubwacu ndetse n'abazavuka mu bihe bizaza zo guhangana n'iki kibazo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-12-2022