Ikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi kiri hafi yo gukora urugendo. Hamwe no gukarandura kwisi yose, bizatanga inyungu zikomeye zishingiye ku bidukikije, cyane cyane mu turere twa metropolitan. Uburyo bushya bwubucuruzi burimo gutegurwa buzamura abakiriya no gukemura ibibazo bisigaye nkibiciro bya bateri ndende, amashanyarazi yicyatsi, no kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo.
Gukura kw'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi n'akamaro k'umuringa
Amashanyarazi afatwa nk'uburyo bufatika bwo kugera ku nyungu nziza kandi isukuye, ari ngombwa mu mikurire irambye ku isi. Mu minsi ya vuba, ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (evs) nko gucomeka imodoka z'amashanyarazi (PHevs), imodoka z'amashanyarazi zivanze (hevs), hamwe n'imodoka z'amashanyarazi (BEVS) zahanuwe kugirango bayobore isoko ry'imodoka.
Nk'uko ubushakashatsi bubitangaza, umuringa uhagaze kugira uruhare runini mu bice bitatu by'ingenzi: kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo, kubika ingufu, no gukora ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (evs).
Evs ifite inshuro enye umubare wumuringa uboneka mumodoka zayobye, kandi hakoreshwa ahanini muri bateri ya lithium-ion (lib), rotes, no gushaka. Nkuko ibyo bihinduka bikwirakwira mu miterere yisi yose nubukungu, abahinzi ba fiil barimo kwitabira vuba kandi batezimbere ingamba zuzuye zo kunoza amahirwe yo gufata agaciro mukaga.
Porogaramu nibyiza byumuringa
Muri bateri ya Li-ion, file y'umuringa nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane ANDEDE! Ifasha amashanyarazi atemba mugihe nawe atandukanya ubushyuhe butangwa na bateri. Umuringa wa file yashyizwe muburyo bubiri: kuzunguruka umuringa (bikandanwa binanutse murusingi rwumuringa) na electrolytic yumuringa wumuringa (bikozwe ukoresheje electrolysis). Umuringa wa electrolytic ukoreshwa muri bateri ya lithium-ion kuko idafite inzitizi z'uburebure kandi biroroshye gukora byoroshye.
Ubwonko bwa file, ibintu bikora bishobora gushyirwa muri electrode, bigabanya uburemere bwa bateri, kongera ubushobozi bwa bateri, kongera ubushobozi bwo gukora ibidukikije, no kugabanya ingaruka zibidukikije. Gukata-inkombe itunganiza ikora ikoranabuhanga hamwe nibikoresho byo gukora cyane birakenewe kugirango iyi ntego igere kuriyi ntego.
Inganda zihinga
Kwemererwa ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi birakura mu bihugu byinshi, harimo na Amerika, Ubushinwa, n'Uburayi. Igurishwa rya ev riteganijwe kugera ku bice miliyoni 6.2 na 2024, hafi inshuro ebyiri ingano yo kugurisha muri 2019. Ingero zimodoka zimodoka zigenda ziyongera cyane mumarushanwa hagati yo gukora. Politiki yinkunga myinshi yimodoka zamashanyarazi (evs) yashyizwe mu bikorwa ku masoko y'ingenzi mu myaka icumi ishize, bikaviramo kwiyongera cyane mu moderi y'amashanyarazi. Nk'ubutegetsi mu isi yose tuharanira kuzuza intego zabazima kurushaho, iyi nzira iteganijwe gusa kwihuta. Batteri zifite amahirwe menshi yo gutangaza cyane ubwikorezi na sisitemu yamashanyarazi.
Ingaruka zabyo, isoko ry'umuringa wa Fopper rigenda irushanwe, hamwe n'ibigo byinshi byo mu karere ndetse n'amahanga byerekana ubukungu bw'igipimo. Mugihe inganda ziteganya gutanga amakuru yo gutanga imbaraga ziyongera mumihanda mizimizi mumazi y'ejo hazaza, abitabiriye isoko, abitabiriye isoko bibanda kubushobozi ndetse nishoramari ryingamba nishoramari.
Imbere imwe ku isonga ryibi ni icyuma cya civen, isosiyete iboneye mubikoresho byo hejuru byubushakashatsi, iterambere, gukora, no kugabura. Hashingiwe mu 1998, ikigo gifite uburambe burenga 20 kandi gikora mubihugu byingenzi kwisi yose. Umukiriya wabo ni utandukanye kandi akingira inganda zirimo igisirikare, kubaka, aeropace, nibindi byinshi. Kimwe mu bice byabo byibandaho ni umuringa. Hamwe na Isi-D & D hamwe na TIR TOR TO NA ED COPPER FOIL SHAKA, bari kumurongo kugirango babe umukinnyi ukomeye ku isonga ryinganda zimaze imyaka myinshi.
Kwiyemeza ejo hazaza heza
Mugihe twegereje 2030, biragaragara ko guhindura imbaraga zirambye bizihuta gusa. Cicy cyuma cyemera akamaro ko guha abakiriya bafite ibisubizo bishya kandi bikagangiza ingufu kandi bishyizwe neza kugirango utware ejo hazaza h'unganda imbere.
Civen cyuma kizakomeza gusohoza iterambere rishya mu murima ibikoresho by'ibyuma bifite ingamba z'ubucuruzi za "kwishyurwa no gukurikirana gutungana." Kwiyegurira inganda za Bateri y'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi ntizerekana gusa ibyuma bya cive gusa ariko nanone gutsinda ikoranabuhanga rifasha kugabanya ingaruka z'isi yose y'ibyuka byo guhubuka kwa karubone. Turabikesha kuri twe ubwacu ndetse n'ibisekuruza byakurikiyeho kugirango duhangane ikibazo.
Igihe cyohereza: Nov-12-2022