Umuringa wica virusi ya corona. Ibi ni ukuri?

Mu Bushinwa, byiswe “qi,” ikimenyetso cy'ubuzima. Mu Misiri byiswe “ankh,” ikimenyetso cy'ubuzima bw'iteka. Ku Banyafenisiya, ayo magambo yari ahwanye na Aforodite - imanakazi y'urukundo n'ubwiza.
Iyi mico ya kera yerekezaga ku muringa, ibintu umuco ku isi yose wabonye ko ari ingenzi ku buzima bwacu mu myaka irenga 5, o00. Iyo ibicurane, bagiteri nka E. coli, superbugs nka MRSA, cyangwa na coronavirus zigwa hejuru cyane, zirashobora kubaho iminsi igera kuri ine cyangwa itanu. Ariko iyo biguye kumuringa, hamwe nu muringa wumuringa nkumuringa, batangira gupfa muminota mike kandi ntibishobora kumenyekana mumasaha.
Umwarimu w’ubuzima bushingiye ku bidukikije muri kaminuza ya Southampton, Bill Keevil agira ati: “Twabonye virusi zitandukana. “Bagwa ku muringa kandi birabatesha agaciro gusa.” Ntibitangaje kubona mu Buhinde, abantu bamaze imyaka ibihumbi banywa ibikombe by'umuringa. Ndetse hano muri Amerika, umurongo wumuringa uzana amazi yawe yo kunywa. Umuringa ni ibintu bisanzwe, byoroshye, birwanya mikorobe. Irashobora kwikuramo ubuso bwayo idakeneye amashanyarazi cyangwa guhumanya.
Umuringa wateye imbere mugihe cya Revolution Revolution yinganda nkibikoresho, ibikoresho, ninyubako. Umuringa uracyakoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi - isoko ryumuringa, mubyukuri, rirakura kuko ibikoresho nuyobora neza. Ariko ibikoresho byasunitswe mubikorwa byinshi byubaka hamwe nibikoresho byinshi kuva mu kinyejana cya 20. Plastiki, ikirahure cyoroshye, aluminium, nicyuma kitagira umwanda nibikoresho bigezweho - bikoreshwa mubintu byose kuva mubwubatsi kugeza kubicuruzwa bya Apple. Inzugi z'umuryango z'umuringa hamwe n'intoki zagiye hanze nkuko abubatsi n'abashushanya bahisemo ibikoresho bisa neza (kandi akenshi bihendutse).

Noneho Keevil yizera ko igihe kigeze cyo kugarura umuringa ahantu rusange, no mubitaro byumwihariko. Imbere y'ejo hazaza hirindwa huzuyemo ibyorezo by’isi yose, dukwiye gukoresha umuringa mu buvuzi, mu nzira nyabagendwa, ndetse no mu ngo zacu. Kandi mugihe cyatinze guhagarika COVID-19, ntabwo hakiri kare gutekereza ku cyorezo gikurikira. Inyungu z'umuringa, zingana
Twari dukwiye kubona ko biza, kandi mubyukuri, umuntu yarabibonye.
Mu 1983, umushakashatsi mu by'ubuvuzi Phyllis J. Kuhn yanditse kunenga bwa mbere ku ibura ry'umuringa yari yabonye mu bitaro. Mu myitozo y’isuku ku kigo cy’ubuvuzi cya Hamot i Pittsburgh, abanyeshuri bazungurutse ahantu hatandukanye mu bitaro, harimo ibikono by’ubwiherero ndetse n’inzugi z'umuryango. Yabonye ubwiherero butanduye mikorobe, mu gihe bimwe mu bikoresho byari byanduye cyane kandi bikura bagiteri ziteje akaga igihe yemererwaga kugwira ku byapa bya agar.

“Sleek kandi urabagirana ibyuma byo ku rugi hamwe n'amasahani asunika bisa neza neza ku muryango w'ibitaro. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, inzugi z'umuryango no gusunika amasahani y'umuringa wanduye bigaragara ko yanduye kandi yanduye. ”Icyo gihe yaranditse. “Ariko n'iyo yandujwe, umuringa - umusemburo ukunze kuba 67% y'umuringa na 33% zinc - [wica bagiteri], mu gihe ibyuma bitagira umwanda - hafi 88% by'icyuma na chromium 12% - ntacyo bihungabanya gukura kwa bagiteri.”
Amaherezo, yapfunyitse urupapuro rwe umwanzuro woroshye uhagije kugirango gahunda yubuzima yose ikurikire. “Niba ibitaro byawe birimo kuvugururwa, gerageza kugumana ibyuma bishaje bikozwe mu muringa cyangwa bisubirwemo; niba ufite ibyuma bitagira umwanda, menya neza ko byanduzwa buri munsi, cyane cyane ahantu hitaweho cyane. ”
Nyuma yimyaka icumi, kandi yemeye ko yatewe inkunga n’ishyirahamwe ry’iterambere ry’umuringa (itsinda ry’ubucuruzi bw’umuringa), Keevil yateje imbere ubushakashatsi bwa Kuhn. Gukorera muri laboratoire hamwe na zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa na virusi ku isi, yerekanye ko umuringa utica bagiteri gusa; yica kandi virusi.
Mubikorwa bya Keevil, yinjije isahani y'umuringa muri alcool kugirango ayivemo. Noneho ayijugunya muri acetone kugirango akureho amavuta adasanzwe. Noneho ahita atera virusi nkeya hejuru. Mu kanya harumye. Icyitegererezo cyicara ahantu hose kuva muminota mike kugeza kuminsi mike. Hanyuma arayinyeganyeza mu isanduku yuzuye amasaro y'ibirahure n'amazi. Amasaro akuraho bagiteri na virusi mumazi, kandi amazi ashobora gutorwa kugirango bamenye ko bahari. Mu bindi bihe, yashyizeho uburyo bwa microscopi bumwemerera kureba - no kwandika - indwara yanduza umuringa mu gihe ikubise hejuru.
Avuga ko ingaruka zisa n'ubumaji, ariko kuri ubu, ibintu bikinirwa ni ubumenyi bwumvikana neza. Iyo virusi cyangwa bagiteri yibasiye isahani, iba yuzuyemo ion z'umuringa. Iyo ion zinjira muri selile na virusi nkamasasu. Umuringa ntabwo wica izo virusi gusa; irabasenya, kugeza kuri acide nucleic, cyangwa igishushanyo mbonera cy'imyororokere, imbere.
Keevil agira ati: “Nta mahirwe yo guhinduka [cyangwa ubwihindurize] kubera ko ingirabuzima fatizo zose zirimburwa.” Ati: “Iyo ni imwe mu nyungu nyazo z'umuringa.” Muyandi magambo, gukoresha umuringa ntibizana ibyago byo kuvuga, kurenza urugero antibiotike. Nigitekerezo cyiza.

Mu kwipimisha kwisi, umuringa werekana agaciro kayo Hanze ya laboratoire, abandi bashakashatsi bakurikiranye niba umuringa ugira icyo uhindura mugihe ukoreshejwe mubuzima bwubuzima busanzwe - burimo inzugi zumuryango wibitaro bimwe na bimwe, ariko kandi ahantu nko kuryama mubitaro, abashyitsi- intebe y'intebe, ndetse na IV ihagaze.Mu 2015, abashakashatsi bakora ku nkunga ya Minisiteri y'Ingabo bagereranije umubare w'abanduye mu bitaro bitatu, basanga iyo imiti ivanze n'umuringa yakoreshejwe mu bitaro bitatu, yagabanije umubare w'abanduye 58%. Ubushakashatsi nk'ubwo bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2016 mu gice cyita ku bana bato, cyerekanaga ko umubare w'abanduye wagabanutse.
Ariko tuvuge iki ku kiguzi? Umuringa uhora uhenze kuruta plastiki cyangwa aluminium, kandi akenshi usanga ari byiza cyane mubyuma. Ariko urebye ko indwara zandurira mu bitaro zitwara gahunda y’ubuzima agera kuri miliyari 45 z'amadolari y’Amerika ku mwaka - tutibagiwe no kwica abantu bagera ku 90.000 - igiciro cyo kuzamura umuringa ni gito ugereranije.

Keevil, utagishoboye kubona inkunga ituruka mu nganda z'umuringa, yizera ko inshingano zireba abubatsi guhitamo umuringa mu mishinga mishya yo kubaka. Umuringa wari uwambere (kandi kugeza ubu nuwanyuma) hejuru yicyuma cya mikorobe yemewe na EPA. . Agira ati: "Twerekanye umuringa-nikel ni mwiza nk'umuringa mu kwica bagiteri na virusi." Nikel y'umuringa ntigomba kumera nk'inzamba ishaje; ntaho bitandukaniye nicyuma.
Naho ku nyubako zisigaye ku isi zitigeze zivugururwa ngo ziveho ibikoresho bishaje bikozwe mu muringa, Keevil afite inama: “Ntubikureho, ibyo ukora byose. Ibi ni ibintu byiza ufite. ”