Ibyingenzi yumuringa muri lithuum batteri

Imwe mu nyuma ya ngombwa kuri iyi si ni umuringa. Bitabaye ibyo, ntidushobora gukora ibintu dufata nkukuri nko gufungura amatara cyangwa kureba TV. Umuringa nubuhanzi bukora imikorere ya mudasobwa. Ntabwo twashobora gutembera mumodoka tudafite umuringa. Itumanaho ryahagarika ryapfuye. Batteri-ion ion ntabwo yakora na gato idafite.

Batteri-ion ion batteri ikoresha ibyuma nkumuringa na aluminimu kugirango bareme amafaranga yamashanyarazi. Buri bateri-ion ion ifite igishushanyo cya anode, injyana y'icyuma cathode, kandi ikoresha amashanyarazi arinzwe nuwatandukanijwe. Kwishyuza bateri bitera lithium ions gutembera muri electrolytes hanyuma ukusane ku gishushanyo mbonera hamwe na electron yoherejwe binyuze mu guhuza. Gukuramo bateri yohereza ion Inyuma aho zazaga zihatira electroni kunyura mukarere ishinga amashanyarazi. Batare izajugunywa iyo lithium yose na electron basubira kuri cathode.

None, ni uruhe ruhare umuringa ukina na bateri ya lithium-ion? Igishushanyo cyahujwe n'umuringa mugihe cyo gukora anode. Umuringa urwanya okiside, nikihe buryo bwa chimique aho electron yikintu kimwe cyatakaye ikindi kintu. Ibi bitera korora. Okiside ibaho iyo imiti na ogisijeni ikorana nikintu, nkukuntu Icyuma kiza guhura namazi na ogisijeni bitera ingera. Umuringa ntabwo ukingiwe cyane.

Umuringabiterwa ahanini muri lithium-ion bateri kuko nta mbogamizi zifite ubunini bwayo. Urashobora kuyigira igihe cyose ushaka kandi cyoroshye nkuko ubishaka. Umuringa nukuri kamere yakusanyaga, ariko kandi yemerera gutatanya neza kandi bingana kurubu.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwumuringa: kuzunguruka na electrolytic. URI URUBUGA RWA COPPER RIQ RIKORESHWA KUBIKURIKIRA NO GUKURIKIRA. Yaremwe binyuze muburyo bwo kumenyekanisha ubushyuhe mugihe ukayihatira hamwe nibipanda. Gukora umuringa wa electrolytic foil ni ibyo birashobora gukoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga biragaragara cyane. Itangira no gushonga umuringa mwiza muri aside. Ibi birema umuringa wa electrolyte ishobora kongerwaho umuringa binyuze mubikorwa byitwa ibyorezo bya electrolytic. Muri iki gikorwa, amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu kongera umuringa electrolyte kumuringa wa file mu mashanyarazi yashinje ingoma.

Umuringa ubusa ntabwo adafite inenge. Umuringa ushobora kurwana. Niba ibyo bibaye noneho gukusanya ingufu no gutatanya bishobora kugira ingaruka cyane. Ikirenzeho ni uko umuringa wumuringa ushobora kugira ingaruka kumasoko yo hanze nkibimenyetso bya elecromagnetic, imbaraga za microwave, nubushyuhe bukabije. Ibi bintu birashobora kudindiza cyangwa no gusenya ubushobozi bwa fopper yumuringa bwo gukora neza. Alkalis nandi acide barashobora krode cioprey fiil. Niyo mpamvu ibigo nkaCivenIbyuma bikora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye by'umuringa.

Bakinze umuringa wumuringa urwanya ubushyuhe nubundi buryo bwo kwivanga. Batuma umuyoboro wumuringa wibicuruzwa byihariye nkibibaho byumuzunguruko (PCB) hamwe nububiko bwumuziki (FCBS). Mubisanzwe bakora umuringa kuri bateri ya lithium-ion.

Batteri-ion ion bagenda barushaho guhinduka ibisanzwe, cyane cyane hamwe nimodoka mugihe indumirwa ryamashanyarazi nkaba tesla itanga. Motors yinjira ifite ibice bike byimuka kandi bifite imikorere myiza. Motors yashinjwaga yafatwaga nkaho idashobora guhabwa imbaraga zisabwa zidahari muri kiriya gihe. Tesla yashoboye gukora ibi bikabaho na lithium-ontteri ya bateri. Buri selile igizwe na bateri ya lithium-ion, byose bifite umuringa.

Icyifuzo cyumuringa cyageze hejuru. Isoko ry'umuringa ryakozwe muri miliyari zirenga 7 z'amadolari y'Abanyamerika muri 2019 kandi biteganijwe ko rirenga miliyari zirenga 8 Abanyamerika. Ibi biterwa no guhinduranya ibinyabiziga bitangazwa kuri moteri yo gutwika imbere kuri bateri ya lithium-ion. Nyamara, imodoka ntizizaba inganda zonyine zagize ingaruka nka mudasobwa hamwe na electronique nayo ikoresha umuringa. Ibi bizemeza gusa ko igiciro cyaUmuringaAzakomeza kuzamuka mu myaka icumi iri imbere.

Batteri-ion ion yashyizwe ahagaragara mbere mu 1976, kandi yaba imbata zikorwa mu 1991. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, bateri ya lithium-ion yarushijeho gukundwa kandi izatera imbere kuri byinshi. Urebye imikoreshereze mu modoka, ni byiza kuvuga ko bazabona ibindi bikoresho mu isi iturwa n'ingufu zikangurura ingufu uko zihabwa kandi zikora neza. Batteri-ion ion ni ejo hazaza h'ingufu, ariko ntacyo bafite kidafite umuringa.