Ibyibanze byumuringa muri Batteri ya Litiyumu Ion

Kimwe mu byuma byingenzi kuri iyi si ni umuringa. Bitabaye ibyo, ntidushobora gukora ibintu dufata nkukuri nko gucana amatara cyangwa kureba TV. Umuringa ni imiyoboro ituma mudasobwa ikora. Ntabwo twashobora kugenda mumodoka tudafite umuringa. Itumanaho ryahagarika gupfa. Kandi bateri ya lithium-ion ntabwo yakora na gato itayifite.

Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ikoresha ibyuma nkumuringa na aluminium kugirango ikore amashanyarazi. Buri bateri ya lithium-ion ifite anode ya grafite, cathode ya oxyde, kandi ikoresha electrolytite irinzwe nuwitandukanya. Kwishyuza bateri bitera lithium ion gutembera muri electrolytite no gukusanya kuri grafite anode hamwe na electron zoherejwe binyuze mumihuza. Gukuramo bateri yohereza ion inyuma aho zaje hanyuma igahatira electron zinyura mumuzinga zikora amashanyarazi. Batare izabura igihe ion zose za lithium na electron zisubira muri cathode.

None, nikihe gice umuringa ukina na bateri ya lithium-ion? Igishushanyo cyahujwe n'umuringa mugihe cyo gukora anode. Umuringa urwanya okiside, nuburyo bwimiti aho electron zikintu kimwe zabuze ikindi kintu. Ibi bitera ruswa. Oxidisation ibaho mugihe imiti na ogisijeni ikorana nikintu, nkukuntu ibyuma bihura namazi na ogisijeni bitera ingese. Umuringa ntushobora gukingira ruswa.

Umuringaikoreshwa cyane cyane muri bateri ya lithium-ion kuko ntakabuza nubunini bwayo. Urashobora kugira igihe cyose ubishakiye kandi unanutse nkuko ubishaka. Umuringa ni muri kamere yacyo ikusanya imbaraga, ariko iranemerera gukwirakwiza gukomeye kandi kuringaniye.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwumuringa: kuzunguruka na electrolytike. Uribanze shitingi y'umuringa ikoreshwa kuri buri bukorikori n'ibishushanyo. Byaremwe binyuze muburyo bwo kumenyekanisha ubushyuhe mugihe ukanda hasi hamwe na pin. Gukora umuringa wa electrolytike niwo ushobora gukoreshwa mubuhanga ni uruhare ruto. Itangira gushonga umuringa wo murwego rwohejuru muri aside. Ibi birema electrolyte y'umuringa ishobora kongerwaho umuringa binyuze mubikorwa bita electrolytike. Muri ubu buryo, amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu kongeramo umuringa electrolyte mu muringa w’umuringa mu ngoma zizunguruka amashanyarazi.

Impapuro z'umuringa ntizifite inenge. Umuringa wumuringa urashobora gutobora. Niba ibyo bibaye noneho gukusanya ingufu no gutatanya birashobora kugira ingaruka cyane. Ikirenzeho ni uko umuringa wumuringa ushobora guterwa ninkomoko yo hanze nka signal ya electronique, ingufu za microwave, nubushyuhe bukabije. Izi ngingo zirashobora kugabanya umuvuduko cyangwa no gusenya ubushobozi bwumuringa bwo gukora neza. Alkalis hamwe na acide zirashobora kwangiriza umuringa wa foil. Niyo mpamvu ibigo nkaCIVENIbyuma birema ibintu byinshi bitandukanye byumuringa.

Bakingiye umuringa wumuringa urwanya ubushyuhe nubundi buryo bwo kwivanga. Bakora umuringa wumuringa kubicuruzwa byihariye nkibibaho byacapwe byumuzunguruko (PCBs) hamwe nu mbaho ​​zoroshye (FCBs). Mubisanzwe bakora feri yumuringa kuri bateri ya lithium-ion.

Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion iragenda iba myinshi mubisanzwe, cyane cyane hamwe nimodoka kuko zikoresha moteri ya induction nkizo Tesla ikora. Moteri ya induction ifite ibice byimuka kandi ifite imikorere myiza. Moteri ya induction yafatwaga nkaho itagerwaho bitewe nibisabwa ingufu zitaboneka muricyo gihe. Tesla yashoboye gutuma ibi bibaho hamwe na selile ya lithium-ion. Buri selile igizwe na bateri ya lithium-ion kugiti cye, zose zifite ifu yumuringa.

Icyifuzo cya feza y'umuringa kigeze ahirengeye. Isoko ry'umuringa ryinjije amadolari arenga miliyari 7 z'amadolari y'Abanyamerika muri 2019 kandi biteganijwe ko rizinjiza amadolari arenga miliyari 8 z'amadolari y'Abanyamerika mu 2026. Ibi biterwa n'impinduka mu nganda z’imodoka zizeza kuva muri moteri yaka imbere ikajya muri bateri ya lithium-ion. Nyamara, imodoka ntizizaba inganda zonyine zibangamiwe na mudasobwa nibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki nabyo bikoresha ifu yumuringa. Ibi bizemeza gusa ko igiciro cyaumuringaizakomeza kwiyongera mu myaka icumi iri imbere.

Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion yatangijwe bwa mbere mu 1976, kandi izajya ikorwa mu bucuruzi mu 1991. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, bateri ya lithium-ion yari kurushaho kumenyekana kandi igatezwa imbere ku buryo bugaragara. Urebye imikoreshereze yabyo mumodoka, ntawabura kuvuga ko bazabona ubundi buryo bukoreshwa mwisi itwikwa ningufu zisi kuko zishobora kwishyurwa kandi neza. Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion nigihe kizaza cyingufu, ariko ntakintu na kimwe kidafite ifu yumuringa.