Ifu yumuringa, iyi isa nkiyoroshye cyane ultra-thin urupapuro rwumuringa, ifite uburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye bwo gukora. Ubu buryo bukubiyemo ahanini gukuramo no gutunganya umuringa, gukora ifu yumuringa, hamwe nintambwe yatunganijwe.
Intambwe yambere ni ugukuramo no gutunganya umuringa. Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe n’ubushakashatsi bw’ibinyabuzima muri Amerika (USGS), ku isi hose umusaruro w’amabuye y’umuringa wageze kuri toni miliyoni 20 mu 2021 (USGS, 2021). Nyuma yo gukuramo amabuye y'umuringa, binyuze mu ntambwe nko guhonyora, gusya, no guhinduranya, umuringa wibumbiye hamwe na 30% birimo umuringa urashobora kuboneka. Iyo muringa yibumbiye hamwe noneho ikorwa muburyo bwo kuyitunganya, harimo gushonga, gutunganya imashini ihindura, hamwe na electrolysis, amaherezo itanga umuringa wa electrolytique ufite isuku igera kuri 99,99%.
Ibikurikira bizaza uburyo bwo gukora umuringa wumuringa, ushobora kugabanywamo amoko abiri bitewe nuburyo bwo gukora: ifiriti yumuringa wa electrolytike na feri y'umuringa.
Umuringa wa electrolytike wumuringa ukorwa hakoreshejwe inzira ya electrolytike. Mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya electrolytike, anode y'umuringa igenda ishonga buhoro buhoro bitewe na electrolyte, hanyuma ion z'umuringa, ziyobowe n'umuyaga, zerekeza kuri cathode maze zikora umuringa hejuru ya cathode. Ubunini bwumuringa wumuringa wa electrolytike mubusanzwe buri hagati ya micrometero 5 na 200, zishobora kugenzurwa neza ukurikije ibikenewe byikoranabuhanga ryacapwe (PCB) (Yu, 1988).
Ku rundi ruhande, ifu y'umuringa yazungurutswe, ikozwe mu buryo bwa mashini. Uhereye ku rupapuro rw'umuringa rufite milimetero nyinshi z'ubugari, bigenda byoroha no kuzunguruka, amaherezo bikabyara ifu y'umuringa hamwe n'ubunini ku rwego rwa micrometero (Coombs Jr., 2007). Ubu bwoko bwa fayili yumuringa bufite ubuso bworoshye kuruta umuringa wa electrolytike, ariko uburyo bwo gukora butwara ingufu nyinshi.
Nyuma yumuringa wumuringa umaze gukorwa, mubisanzwe bigomba gukorerwa nyuma yo gutunganywa, harimo annealing, kuvura hejuru, nibindi, kugirango binonosore imikorere. Kurugero, annealing irashobora kongera ihindagurika nubukomezi bwumuringa, mugihe kuvura hejuru (nka okiside cyangwa gutwikira) bishobora kongera imbaraga zo kwangirika no gufatira kumuringa.
Muri make, nubwo uburyo bwo gukora no gukora ibicuruzwa byumuringa bigoye, umusaruro wibicuruzwa ugira ingaruka zikomeye mubuzima bwacu bwa none. Ibi nibigaragaza iterambere ryikoranabuhanga, rihindura umutungo kamere mubicuruzwa byubuhanga buhanitse binyuze muburyo bunoze bwo gukora.
Nyamara, inzira yo gukora ifu yumuringa nayo izana imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe, harimo gukoresha ingufu, ingaruka z’ibidukikije, n’ibindi. Nk’uko raporo ibigaragaza, gukora toni 1 y’umuringa bisaba ingufu zingana na 220GJ, kandi bikabyara toni 2,2 z’ibyuka byangiza imyuka ya karuboni (Northey) n'abandi., 2014). Tugomba rero gushakisha uburyo bunoze kandi bwangiza ibidukikije kugirango tubyare umuringa.
Igisubizo kimwe gishoboka nukoresha umuringa wongeye gukoreshwa kugirango ubyare umuringa. Bivugwa ko ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukora umuringa wongeye gukoreshwa ari 20% gusa y’umuringa w’ibanze, kandi bikagabanya ikoreshwa ry’amabuye y’umuringa (UNEP, 2011). Byongeye kandi, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga, turashobora guteza imbere tekinoroji yo gukora umuringa ikora neza kandi ikabika ingufu, bikagabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije.
Mu gusoza, uburyo bwo gukora no gukora ibicuruzwa byumuringa ni urwego rwikoranabuhanga rwuzuyemo ibibazo n'amahirwe. Nubwo twateye intambwe igaragara, haracyari byinshi byo gukora kugirango feza y'umuringa ibashe guhaza ibyo dukeneye buri munsi mugihe turinze ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-08-2023