Urupapuro rw'umuringa, uru rupapuro rw'umuringa rusa n'aho rworoshye cyane, rufite uburyo bworoshye kandi bugoye bwo gukora. Ubu buryo bukubiyemo ahanini gukuramo no gutunganya umuringa, gukora umuringa, no gutunganya nyuma yo kuwutunganya.
Intambwe ya mbere ni ugucukura no gutunganya umuringa. Dukurikije imibare yavuye mu bushakashatsi bw’ubutaka bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USGS), umusaruro w’amabuye y’umuringa ku isi wageze kuri toni miliyoni 20 mu 2021 (USGS, 2021). Nyuma yo gukuramo amabuye y’umuringa, binyuze mu ntambwe nko gusya, gusya no kuzura, umuringa ugizwe n’ibice bigera kuri 30% by’umuringa ushobora kuboneka. Hanyuma ayo mabuye y’umuringa anyura mu nzira yo gutunganya, harimo kuyashongesha, kuyahindura, no kuyatunganya, amaherezo agatanga umuringa ugizwe n’amashanyarazi ufite ubuziranenge bugera kuri 99.99%.
Hakurikiraho inzira yo gukora foil y'umuringa, ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bitewe n'uburyo bwo kuyikora: foil y'umuringa ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa electrolytic na foil y'umuringa izungurutswe.
Ifu y'umuringa ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa electrolytic. Mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya electrolytic, anode y'umuringa irashonga buhoro buhoro bitewe n'imikorere ya electrolytic, maze iyoni z'umuringa, ziyobowe n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, zijya kuri cathode zigakora umuringa ku buso bwa cathode. Ubunini bwa fu y'umuringa ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa electrolytic busanzwe buri hagati ya mikorometero 5 na 200, zishobora kugenzurwa neza hakurikijwe ibyo ikoranabuhanga rya PCB rikeneye (Yu, 1988).
Ku rundi ruhande, agapapuro k'umuringa gakozwe mu buryo bwa mashini. Guhera ku rupapuro rw'umuringa rufite ubugari bwa milimetero nyinshi, gahoro gahoro gahoro gakorwa mu kuzunguruka, amaherezo kagatanga agapapuro k'umuringa gafite ubugari ku rwego rwa mikorometero (Coombs Jr., 2007). Ubwo bwoko bw'agapapuro k'umuringa bufite ubuso bworoshye kurusha agapapuro k'umuringa gakozwe mu buryo bwa electrolytic, ariko uburyo bwo kugakora bukoresha ingufu nyinshi.
Nyuma yuko icyuma cy'umuringa gikozwe, akenshi kigomba gukorwa nyuma yo kugitunganya, harimo no kugishyiraho, gusukura ubuso, nibindi, kugira ngo kirusheho gukora neza. Urugero, gusiga icyuma cy'umuringa bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo gupfuka no gukomera kwacyo, mu gihe gutunganya ubuso (nk'ubushyuhe cyangwa gusiga) bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kudakira no gufatana kwacyo.
Muri make, nubwo inzira yo gukora no gukora icyuma cy'umuringa igoye, umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwacu bwa none. Iki ni ikimenyetso cy'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, rihindura umutungo kamere mo ibicuruzwa bigezweho binyuze mu buryo bunoze bwo gukora.
Ariko, inzira yo gukora foil y'umuringa nayo izana imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe, harimo ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, ingaruka ku bidukikije, n'ibindi. Nk'uko raporo ibivuga, gukora toni 1 y'umuringa bisaba ingufu zigera kuri 220GJ, kandi bitanga toni 2.2 z'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (Northey et al., 2014). Kubwibyo, tugomba gushaka uburyo bwiza kandi butangiza ibidukikije bwo gukora foil y'umuringa.
Uburyo bumwe bushoboka ni ugukoresha umuringa wasubiwemo mu gukora icyuma cy'umuringa. Bivugwa ko ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukora umuringa wasubiwemo ari 20% gusa by'umuringa w'ibanze, kandi bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'umutungo w'umuringa (UNEP, 2011). Byongeye kandi, hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, dushobora guteza imbere uburyo bwo gukora icyuma cy'umuringa mu buryo bwiza kandi buzigama ingufu, bikagabanya ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije.
Mu gusoza, inzira yo gukora no gukora icyuma gikozwe mu muringa ni ikoranabuhanga ryuzuyemo imbogamizi n'amahirwe. Nubwo twateye imbere cyane, haracyari byinshi byo gukora kugira ngo icyuma gikozwe mu muringa gishobore guhaza ibyo dukeneye buri munsi mu gihe turinda ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-08-2023