Uruganda rwibikoresho bya PCB rwakoresheje umwanya munini utezimbere ibikoresho bitanga igihombo gito gishoboka.Kubijyanye n'umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nubushakashatsi bwihuse, igihombo kizagabanya intera yo gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso no kugoreka ibimenyetso, kandi bizashiraho gutandukana kwangirika kugaragara mubipimo bya TDR.Mugihe dushushanya icyapa icyo aricyo cyose cyacapwe kandi tugateza imbere imirongo ikorera kumurongo mwinshi, birashobora kuba byoroshye guhitamo umuringa woroshye cyane mubishushanyo byose ukora.

Mugihe arukuri ko gukomera kwumuringa bitera gutandukana no gutakaza igihombo, feri yawe yumuringa ikeneye koroha gute?Hariho uburyo bworoshye ushobora gukoresha kugirango utsinde igihombo udahisemo umuringa wa ultra-yoroshye kuri buri gishushanyo?Tuzareba izi ngingo muriyi ngingo, kimwe nibyo ushobora kureba niba utangiye guhaha ibikoresho bya PCB.

Ubwoko bwaPCB Umuringa

Mubisanzwe iyo tuvuze umuringa kubikoresho bya PCB, ntabwo tuvuga ubwoko bwihariye bwumuringa, tuvuga gusa ububi bwacyo.Uburyo butandukanye bwo kubika umuringa butanga firime zifite agaciro kamwe keza, zishobora gutandukanywa neza mumashusho ya elegitoroniki ya microscope (SEM).Niba ugiye gukorera kumurongo mwinshi (mubisanzwe 5 GHz WiFi cyangwa hejuru) cyangwa kumuvuduko mwinshi, noneho witondere ubwoko bwumuringa bwerekanwe mumibare yawe.

Kandi, menya neza gusobanukirwa nubusobanuro bwa Dk indangagaciro muri datasheet.Reba iki kiganiro cya podcast hamwe na John Coonrod wo muri Rogers kugirango umenye byinshi kubyerekeranye na Dk.Hamwe nibitekerezo, reka turebe bumwe muburyo butandukanye bwa PCB y'umuringa.

Amashanyarazi

Muri ubu buryo, ingoma izunguruka binyuze mu gisubizo cya electrolytike, kandi reaction ya electrodeposition ikoreshwa mu “gukura” ifu y'umuringa ku ngoma.Mugihe ingoma izunguruka, firime yumuringa yavuyemo irazenguruka buhoro buhoro kuri roller, itanga urupapuro rukomeza rwumuringa rushobora kuzunguruka kuri laminate.Uruhande rwingoma rwumuringa ruzahuza cyane cyane ningoma yingoma, mugihe uruhande rwerekanwe ruzaba rukomeye.

Electrodeposited PCB umuringa

Gukora umuringa wa electrodeposited.
Kugirango ukoreshwe muburyo busanzwe bwo guhimba PCB, uruhande rukomeye rwumuringa ruzabanza guhuzwa na dielectric yikirahure.Umuringa usigaye ugaragara (uruhande rw'ingoma) uzakenera gukomwa nkana (urugero, hamwe na plasma etching) mbere yuko ukoreshwa muburyo busanzwe bwo kwambika umuringa.Ibi bizemeza ko bishobora guhuzwa nigice gikurikira muri stackup ya PCB.

Ubuso-Bwakozwe na Electrodeposited Umuringa

Sinzi ijambo ryiza rikubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bwubuso bwavuweumuringa, bityo umutwe wavuzwe haruguru.Ibikoresho byumuringa bizwi cyane nkibisubizo bivura, nubwo ubundi buryo bubiri burahari (reba hano hepfo).

Impapuro zivuye inyuma zikoresha uburyo bwo kuvura bukoreshwa kuruhande rworoshye (kuruhande rwingoma) yumuringa wa electrodepositike.Igice cyo kuvura ni igipfundikizo cyoroshye gusa gikomeretsa nkana umuringa, bityo kikazagira imbaraga nyinshi kubintu bya dielectric.Ubu buvuzi kandi bukora nka bariyeri ya okiside irinda ruswa.Iyo uyu muringa ukoreshwa mugukora panne laminate, uruhande rwavuwe ruhujwe na dielectric, kandi uruhande rusigaye rukomeza kugaragara.Uruhande rwerekanwe ntiruzakenera izindi roughening mbere yo kurira;bizaba bimaze kugira imbaraga zihagije zo guhuza urwego rukurikira muri stackup ya PCB.

Ibintu bitatu bitandukanye kuri feri yumuringa isubirwamo harimo:

Kurambura ubushyuhe bwinshi (HTE) umuringa wumuringa: Iyi ni electrodepositike yumuringa wumuringa wujuje IPC-4562 Icyiciro cya 3.Isura yagaragaye nayo ivurwa na bariyeri ya okiside kugirango birinde kwangirika mugihe cyo kubika.
Impapuro ebyiri zivuwe: Muri iyi feri yumuringa, imiti ikoreshwa kumpande zombi za firime.Ibi bikoresho rimwe na rimwe byitwa ingoma kuruhande ruvuwe.
Umuringa urwanya: Ibi ntibisanzwe mubyiciro nkumuringa uvuwe hejuru.Uru rupapuro rwumuringa rukoresha icyuma hejuru yuruhande rwumuringa, hanyuma rugakomera kurwego rwifuzwa.
Porogaramu yo kuvura hejuru yibi bikoresho byumuringa iroroshye: fayili yazengurutswe mu bwogero bwa electrolyte bwongewemo umuringa wa kabiri wumuringa, hanyuma hagakurikiraho imbuto ya bariyeri, hanyuma amaherezo ya firime irwanya tarnish.

PCB y'umuringa

Uburyo bwo kuvura hejuru yumuringa.[Inkomoko: Pytel, Steven G., n'abandi."Isesengura ry'imiti y'umuringa n'ingaruka zo gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso."Muri 2008 Inama ya 58 Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’ikoranabuhanga, pp. 1144-1149.IEEE, 2008.]
Hamwe nibi bikorwa, ufite ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa byoroshye mugikorwa gisanzwe cyo guhimba ikibaho hamwe no gutunganya bike.

Umuringa uzungurutse

Urupapuro rwumuringa ruzengurutswe ruzanyura umuzingo wumuringa unyuze mumuzingo umwe, uzahindura imbeho umuringa kugeza mubyimbye.Ubukonje bwurupapuro ruvuyeho ruzahinduka bitewe nibipimo bizunguruka (umuvuduko, umuvuduko, nibindi).

Urupapuro ruvuyemo rushobora kuba rworoshye, kandi imirongo igaragara hejuru yurupapuro rwumuringa ruzungurutse.Amashusho ari hepfo yerekana igereranya hagati yumuringa wumuringa wa electrodepositike na fayili yazengurutswe.

Kugereranya PCB y'umuringa

Kugereranya kwa electrodeposited v.
Umuringa wo hasi
Ntabwo byanze bikunze ubwoko bwumuringa wahimbye hamwe nubundi buryo.Umuringa wo hasi cyane ni umuringa wa electrodepositike uvurwa kandi ugahindurwa hamwe na micro-roughening kugirango itange ikigereranyo cyo hasi cyane hamwe na roughene ihagije kugirango ifatanye na substrate.Inzira zo gukora ayo muringa mubisanzwe ni nyirayo.Iyi fayili ikunze gushyirwa mubikorwa nka ultra-low profile (ULP), umwirondoro muto cyane (VLP), hamwe na profili nkeya (LP, hafi ya micron igereranije).

Ingingo bifitanye isano ：

Kuki umuringa ukoreshwa mugukora PCB?

Umuringa Wumuringa Ukoreshwa Mubibaho Byacapwe